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Wilkipedia definition of Alternative music
The term "alternative
rock"
The music now known as alternative rock was known by a variety of terms before
"alternative" came into common use. "College rock" was
used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its
links to the college radio circuit and the tastes of college students. In
the United Kingdom the term "indie" was preferred; by 1985 the term
"indie" had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres,
rather than a simple demarcation of status.[3] "Indie rock"[4] was
also largely synonymous with the genre in the United States up until the genre's
commercial breakthrough in the early 1990s due to the majority of the bands
belonging to independent labels.
By 1990 the genre was called "alternative rock".[5] The term "alternative" had originated sometime around the mid-1980s;[6] it was an extension of the phrases "new music" and "post modern", both for the freshness of the music and its tendency to recontextualize the sounds of the past, which were commonly used by music industry of the time to denote cutting edge music.[2][7] Individuals who worked as DJs and promoters during the 1980s claim the term originates from American FM radio of the 1970s, which served as a progressive alternative to top 40 rock radio formats by featuring longer songs and giving the DJs more freedom in their song selections. One former DJ and promoter has said, "Somehow this term 'alternative' got rediscovered and heisted by college radio people during the 80s who applied it to new post-punk, indie, or underground-whatever music . . ."[8] Thus the original use of the term was often broader than it has come to be understood, encompassing punk rock, New Wave, post-punk, and even pop music, along with the occasional "college"/"indie" rock, all music found on the American "commercial alternative" radio stations of the time such as Los Angeles' KROQ-FM.[2] The use of the term "alternative" gained popular exposure during 1991 with the implementation of alternative music categories in the Grammy Awards and the MTV Video Music Awards, as well as the success of Lollapalooza, where festival founder and Jane's Addiction frontman Perry Farrell coined the term "Alternative Nation".[2]
Defining music as "alternative" is often difficult because of two and often conflicting applications of the word. "Alternative" can describe music that challenges the status quo and that is "fiercely iconoclastic, anticommercial, and antimainstream," but the term is also used in the music industry to denote "the choices available to consumers via record stores, radio, cable television, and the Internet."[9]
[edit] Overview
One of the first popular alternative rock bands, R.E.M. relied on college
radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the
musical mainstream."Alternative rock" is essentially an umbrella
term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of the punk rock movement
since the mid 1980s.[10] Throughout much of its history, alternative rock
has been largely defined by its rejection of the commercialism of mainstream
culture. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in small clubs,
recorded for indie labels, and spread their popularity through word of mouth.[11]
As such, there is no set musical style for alternative rock as a whole, although
common traits among many alternative bands and subgenres include distorted
or jangly guitars. Sounds range from the dirty guitars of grunge and the gloomy
soundscapes of gothic rock, to the guitar pop revivalism of Britpop and the
shambling innocence of twee pop, to name just a few examples. Lyrics in alternative
rock songs typically address topics of greater social concern, such as drug
use, depression, and environmentalism,[11] an approach that developed as a
reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United
Kingdom of the 1980s and early 1990s.[12]
In the early 1980s a handful of college radio stations, like Danbury, Connecticut's WXCI, WPRB in Princeton, NJ and Brown University's WBRU broadcast alternative rock in the United States. Most commercial stations ignored the genre. Alternative rock became more popular and spread among other college stations in the mid-1980s, which served as one of the major outlets of exposure for the music. Alternative rock was played extensively on the radio in the UK, particularly by DJs such as John Peel (who championed alternative music on BBC Radio 1), Richard Skinner, and Annie Nightingale. Artists that had cult followings in the United States received greater exposure through British national radio and the weekly press, and many alternative bands had chart success there.[13] Finally, in the late 1980s in North America, commercial stations such as Boston, Massachusetts's WFNX and Los Angeles, California's KROQ began playing alternative rock, pioneering the modern rock radio format. Outside of North America, Double J, a government-funded radio station in Sydney, Australia and the Melbourne based independent radio station 3RRR began broadcasting alternative rock throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Double J, now known as Triple J, began broadcasting nationally, albeit with what some perceived as a watered down format. On television, MTV would occasionally show alternative videos late at night during the 1980s. In 1986 MTV in the United States began airing the late night alternative music program 120 Minutes, which would serve as a major outlet of exposure for the genre prior to its commercial breakthrough in the 1990s.
Although alternative artists of the 1980s never generated spectacular album sales, they exerted a considerable influence on the generation of musicians who came of age in the 80s and laid the groundwork for their success.[14] The popular and commercial success of Nirvana's 1991 album Nevermind took alternative rock into the mainstream, establishing its commercial and cultural viability.[15] As a result, alternative rock became the most popular form of rock music of the decade and many alternative bands garnered commercial and critical success. However, many of these artists rejected success, for it conflicted with the rebellious, DIY ethic the genre had espoused prior to mainstream exposure and their ideas of artistic authenticity.[16] As many of the genre's key groups broke up or retreated from the limelight, alternative rock declined from mainstream prominence.
In the first decade of the 21st century, mainstream rock has continued to evolve beyond alternative's 80s roots and low-fidelity ethos. Today's most popular rock music acts, typified by youth-oriented modern rock groups such as Linkin Park, incorporate complex electronic beats and highly produced albums, but owe a heavy debt to their metal and grunge influences. In spite of being influenced by alternative rock, many fans of the genre do not see these bands as being alternative, but instead as part of the nu metal genre. However, in 2004 alternative rock received renewed mainstream attention with the popularity of indie rock and post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and Franz Ferdinand, respectively.[17]
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